Lab+10+Plants


 * Exercise 1**

The Celery Before It was placed in Food Coloring

The Celery In the Food Coloring during Minute 1

The Celery after an Hour in the Food Coloring

Close up of Stained Celery using the Eyeclops

__Stems-__ transport fluids between the roots and shoots xylem and phloem. It stores nutrients and supports new living tissue. Additionally, it ensures that the plant is elevated so that the leaves receive optimal sunlight, etc.

__Leaves__- are mainly responsible for photosynthesis. They store food and water and are also the sites of transpiration and guttation.

__Buds-__ form shoots (new plant growth)

__Roots-__ absorb water and inorganic nutrients, keep the plant in the ground, and prevent soil erosion.

__Flowers-__ are the reproductive part of a plant, because they allow for union of sperm and egg. They are also the site of where gametophytes develop.

__Fruit-__ the part of a flower that contains its seeds, it derives from the tissues of a flower. Many fruits are used for nutrition and health.

__Seeds-__ are vital in the spread and reproduction of flowering plants.



A. The epidermis is a single layer of cells with a thick cuticle covering the outermost surface. The epidermis stained red.  B The collenchyma has cellulose thickenings in the corners of the cells.  C The parenchyma has large cells with thin cell walls.  D The vascular tissue is arranged as discrete collateral bundles. Each vascular bundle has phloem to the outside, xylem to the inside and cambium between.  E. The sclerenchyma caps the vascular bundle.

The difference between transpiration and capillary action is the evaporation of water into the atmosphere and capillary action is the action of moving water through a thin tube against gravity because of surface tension.

Xylem and phloem are found in vascular tissue throughout the entire tree. http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0007024.html

Transpiration does occur when a tree drops its leaves in fall, however this transpiration is not as rapid if the temperature is not as high. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Transpiration.html

The tissue of the sap is found in the phloem.


 * Exercise 2**

The Iodine solution

Photo courtesy of Joe Daufenbach

__A__

__Osmosis__- when a fluid passes through a membrane into a solution with a high concentration of solvents to help make more equal the concentrations of materials on both sides of the membrane.

__Diffusion__- is the random spread of particles from regions with high amounts of the particles to regions with low concentrations of the particles.

Osmosis typically refers to the flow of water and usually is separated by a permeable membrane, whereas diffusion is more common in gases. Osmosis is based on solvent capacity of particles, whereas diffusion is a random spread of the particles. http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-diffusion-and-osmosis/

Iodine is referred to as an indicator because its stain of something can help people decipher whether or not something is an acid or a base.

Molecules tend to move from areas of **high** concentration to areas of **low** concentration.

A selectively permeable membrane allows certain particles or ions, but not all of them, to pass through the membrane by diffusion. The cell membrane is an example of this.

__B__

1. The baggie was more concentrated in starch. 2. The beaker was more concentrated in iodine. 3. The beaker iodine solution was hypertonic. 4. The baggie starch solution was hypertonic. 5. The beaker was hypertonic in relation to starch.

__C__

1. If the bag were permeable to starch the starch would move out of the bag. 2. If the bag were permeable to iodine, the iodine would come into the bag. 3. If the bag were permeable to iodine it would become the color of iodine, whereas in the beaker it would maintain the iodine color. 4. If the beaker and bag are permeable to starch they will become cloudier and whiter. 5. The iodine will permeate the bag and the color of the bag will turn into the iodine color.

__D__
 * || Starting Color || Color After 15 Minutes ||
 * Solution In Beaker (Iodine and Water) || clear || the iodine color sunk to the bottom of the solution ||
 * Solution in Bag (Starch and Water) || white || white with tints of black in the bag ||

__E__

1. The Iodine moved. 2. The iodine is a tiny enough solution to be able to permeate; the starch is too thick. 3.The bag is selectively permeable. 4. The bag is permeable to water because the iodine got in. 5. There was a small net gain of water in the bag, approximately 5 ml.