Lab+9+Comparative+Vertebrae+Anatomy


 * Exercise 1**

Stage 1 of De-Skinning the Chicken with emphasis towards shoulder



Stage 2 of De-Skinning the chicken Wing, with emphasis placed on elbow area



Stage 3 The Skinned Wing Showing Action




 * Exercise 2**

Bird Wing Anatomy The bone and muscle structure of the human and bird's humerus and carpals are very similar. They look like actual human arms, especially with similar muscle reactions like human arms. The human has 5 metacarpals per hand and 14 phalanges per hand, whereas the birds clearly have less as illustrated by the pictures. It is interesting to be able to learn the similarity between two species that I personally had deemed so fundamentally different, but our bones and muscles are nearly identical with such similar functions.


 * Exercise 3**

The human's bone appears much more solid and complex, which indicates that the bones of humans are much more dense, and this bone density is much more advantageous for humans. Humans must be survivors of the land with heavy upper and lower body bones to be able to be stronger than their animal opponents. Birds, however, should have lighter bones, because that makes it easier for them to fly. Birds do not need to hunt, with strength, instead they use tactic strategy by having the advantage of flight. Their bone hollowness and lack of density is most definitely to their advantage.

Bones do not have structures that are static and solid, but rather, they have ones that are dynamic, because they change and grow inside an animal. They have both hard and tender tissue because they are made up of blood, protein, vessels, nerves, cells, and minerals. This is very important not too have too much of either soft or hard tissue: too soft of tissue would cause weakness, but too much hard tissue would decrease flexibility, which is instrumental in having effective bones. Animals' bones grow in a way that is initially slow, but as the animal begins to go through puberty bones will grow much more rapidly. However after this pubescent rapid growth, growth slows down or even ceases. Even cold weather can have an effect on bone growth. Rings in trees or annual cycles of growth help to calculate the longevities of dinosaurs, which designates their bone vascular and fiber composition. The dinosaur is then compared with a bigger one's age and mass. Learning how to determine these dinosaurs' growth rates allows scientists to compare them with modern animals. These dinosaur growth strategies (which are called an S growth due to their rapid changes and ceasing), are further discovered by researching their bone periodicity and bone fiber to help discover growth strategies of today's species of animals.